Abstract. School education is the foundation for a person's lifelong education. Consequently, providing students with a comfortable learning environment has significant importance. A vast amount of education research is focusing on the type of schooling. However, the question of which type of schooling leads to higher academic achievement remains unclear. This article is an exploratory literature focusing on the academic and non-academic advantages and disadvantages of single-gender versus coeducational schooling. The review showed that research on single-gender versus coeducational schools covered both academic and non-academic issues. It appears that in some contexts, both types of schooling show better academic outcomes. Further research is needed to understand how contextual or organizational factors may influence these differences.