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Coordination and Communication Protocols for Multi-Agent Financial AI Systems in Automated Trading
(SDU University, 2026) Sabidolda Sh.
Machine-learning models now dominate daily-frequency financial forecasting but remain di!cult to audit, and the recent turn toward multi-agent architectures has not resolved the underlying problem: existing LLM-coordinated frameworks couple specialised agents through stochastic natural-language inference, provide no formal guarantees of inter-agent message integrity, and retrain on single-observation performance dips that conflate transient noise with persistent drift. This dissertation proposes the Deterministic Multi-Agent Coordination and Control Protocol (DMACCP), a five-agent pipeline in which every message is carried by a typed envelope with a SHA-256 integrity checksum on a file-backed bus; an orchestrator evaluates five validation gates between stages, admits retraining only when a degradation signal persists across K = 2 consecutive observations, and uses SHAP feature attributions as a cross-run control signal that feeds back into adaptive feature masking. The protocol is evaluated on eight assets spanning five market segments over 2019–2024, against a no-coordination baseline using identical data and models. Walk-forward accuracy lies within noise bounds of the baseline (mean ” = →0.22 percentage points, overlapping 95% bootstrap intervals); the bu#ered mechanism reduces unnecessary retraining events by 66.7% on the ablation configuration; a macroeconomic context block dominates the SHAP attributions of seven of eight assets, validating the protected feature set. The contribution is an engineering proposal with formal reproducibility and integrity properties—obtained at under one percent of the pipeline’s runtime—rather than a performance-extension result, and is positioned as a designed answer to the audit and reproducibility requirements of institutional financial machine-learning deployment.
Investigating the Integration of Chemistry Instruction with Other STEM Disciplines (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
(SDU University, 2026) Shakarimova D.
This study investigates the effectiveness of integrated STEM approaches in chemistry education and examines commonly used instructional methods in STEMintegrated chemistry teaching. A mixed-methods research design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed. In the qualitative phase, 30 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed to identify current trends and instructional practices in STEM-based chemistry education. The analysis revealed that project-based learning, inquiry-based instruction, engineering-based tasks, laboratory experiments, interdisciplinary activities, and digital technologies were among the most frequently applied methods. For the quantitive stage of research, 123 ninth grade students from three educational institutions located in Almaty, Kazakhstan participated. Findings revealed that STEM-related pedagogical practices improved the performance of students in academic work and increased their level of engagement and problem-solving skills. Thus, it is vital to mention the importance of student-centered learning in modern chemistry education.
SOCIAL NORMS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RISK-TAKING: INFORMAL CONSTRAINTS AND ENABLING RESOURCES AMONG SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS IN KAZAKHSTAN
(SDU University, 2026) Serikov A.
Within the groups of SME owners in Kazakhstan, the informal structures of kinship, reputation, and community do not merely stop or push the risk-taking of entrepreneurs. The way social norms influence entrepreneurial risk for SME owners in Kazakhstan happens because these norms change the appearance, the schedule, and the visibility of the risk-taking. It is observed by scholars that the same structures of family and community which make a choice feel dangerous to the society are the same structures that provide trust and money to make the risk-taking manageable. Many people believe that the binding effect of social norms falls on the shape of the risk-taking rather than on the amount of risk itself. While using the bounded rationality theory of Simon, the institutional framework of North, and the work about social norms from Bicchieri and from Cialdini and Trost, this study investigates a mechanism with four stages: Social Norms → Perceived Social Consequences → Risk Perception → Decision-Making. This research follows an interpretivist way of understanding and an exploratory qualitative plan which uses six semi-structured interviews with SME owners from five different areas of business. Three different cases represent the retail sector so that the study can support theoretical replication within that sector. The information from the interviews was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis while the researcher used audio review and transcription methods. Experts claim that manual verification of selected parts and researcher reflexivity are necessary for this type of analysis. The study found four themes which include failure as a financial and mental experience, family as both a barrier and a resource, reputation as economic capital, and risk-taking as planned learning. This main finding of the work shows an ambivalence mechanism that was traced through evidence to show how the same informal structures make risk-taking dangerous or manageable for SME owners in Kazakhstan. Entrepreneurial action is redirected toward forms that preserve reputation and are legitimate in the society because of these structures. It has been observed that these informal structures allow risk-taking to be seen as acceptable.
The usage of 3D modeling in teaching geometry in high school
(SDU University, 2026) Serikbay Zh.
This study examined the effect of 3D modeling tools on Grade 11 students’ spatial abilities and academic achievement in geometry. The research used a quasiexperimental design with two nonequivalent groups: 25 students in the experimental group and 25 students in the control group. The experimental group studied solid geometry using Tinkercad and SketchUp Free, while the control group studied the same topics through traditional instruction. Data were collected through the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT), geometry grades before and after the intervention, and a questionnaire on students’ attitudes toward 3D modeling. The results showed that the experimental group had a statistically significant improvement in spatial ability, while the control group did not show significant change. However, geometry grades increased only slightly and equally in both groups, so the effect on general academic achievement was not clearly demonstrated. Students generally showed a positive attitude toward 3D modeling. The study concludes that Tinkercad and SketchUp Free can support the development of spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation in high school geometry.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND BRAND AWARENESS AMONG MICRO-SMALL ENTERPRISES IN KAZAKHSTAN: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE
(SDU University, 2026) Sekirukhan Y.
In rapidly changing and resource-constrained business circumstances, microsmall enterprises (MSEs) depend heavily on internal strategic capabilities and digital tools to enhance their market presence. Previous studies propose that entrepreneurially orientated firms are generally more innovative-oriented, proactive and open to calculated risk-taking despite uncertainty, while social media usage provides these enterprises with accessible channels for communication, promotion, as well as customer engagement. However, there is limited research that has tested the association among these three constructs, namely entrepreneurial orientation, social media usage, and brand awareness, particularly within the emerging economy contexts such as Kazakhstan. This paper studies the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, brand awareness, and social media usage among MSEs in Kazakhstan by implementing a quantitative research method. It gathered responses from MSE owners or managerial representatives through a structured survey using Google form. The paper implemented the PLS-SEM technique for final analysis. For the higher-order formative structure of entrepreneurial orientation, a two-stage analysis method was used. The analysis of the research indicates a strong significant link between entrepreneurial orientation and positive influence on both social media usage and brand awareness. However, the use of social media platforms did not statistically influence brand awareness, and its mediating role is not supported. These findings propose that entrepreneurial orientation contributes directly to brand awareness, while the role of social media usage is rather limited than expected. By providing empirical evidence, this study brings value to existing literature by showing that internal strategic capabilities of the firm may be more influential for the branding outcomes than digital adoption alone within MSEs across developing economies. These results also offer practical implications for policymakers and managers by pointing out that for brand development to be effective, it is required, viii not solely the digital adoptions, but also the development of entrepreneurial capacities.