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Item Open Access Determinants of employee engagement and their effect on employee performance(2024) Abayeva A.This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on employee engagement and performance in second-tier banks in East Kazakhstan. Guided by research questions on how transformational leadership affects employee engagement and performance, and the mediating role of engagement. Data from 36 valid observations were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that transformational leadership significantly enhances employee engagement, and higher employee engagement improves performance. Unexpectedly, transformational leadership has a negative direct effect on performance. Employee engagement fully mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and performance. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the complex relationships between leadership, engagement, and performance, and offers practical insights for improving leadership practices in banks. Future research should explore larger, more diverse samples and other contextual factor.Item Open Access The Psychological Capital and Entrepreneurial Intention(2024) Zhaksylyk A.The study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention among university students by investigating how academic support and previous business experience may influence this relationship. Using an online questionnaire, 185 bachelor students from 25 universities were surveyed. The findings reveal a strong positive link between psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention, indicating that students with higher psychological capital are more likely to want to become entrepreneurs. The study found that academic support and previous business experience do not significantly change this relationship. This suggests that the impact of psychological capital on entrepreneurial intentions is strong and consistent, regardless of these factors. These results highlight the importance of developing psychological resources in students to boost their entrepreneurial aspirations. Educators and policymakers should focus on integrating psychological development into educational programs to better prepare students for entrepreneurship. Future research should consider other potential moderating factors and use longitudinal studies to gain deeper insights into how psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention evolve over time.