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Item Open Access Informational System Audit Process(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) A. KhodarinaThis article discusses the importance of a risk-based Information System (IS) audit process in modern organizations. Since information systems support and drive key business operations, their reliability, confidentiality, integrity, and availability are essential for effective corporate governance. The IS audit process aims to evaluate existing systems, identify risks, assess controls, and ensure alignment between business goals and technological infrastructure. The article emphasizes that an IS audit follows a structured lifecycle similar to the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which includes feasibility study, planning, design, implementation, testing, and final reporting. In the initial phase, auditors develop an understanding of the business environment and define audit scope and objectives. Planning involves organizing the audit team, scheduling tasks, and determining resources. The design phase consists of creating an audit program based on identified risks and internal controls. Ultimately, a well-conducted IS audit strengthens organizational performance and mitigates security threats.Item Open Access The Rise of International Marketing(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Gokhan KarahanThis paper discusses the growing importance and influence of international marketing in the modern globalized world. Using everyday examples, it illustrates how consumers unknowingly engage with international markets through products and services originating from various countries. The study defines international marketing as the process of identifying and satisfying customer needs across national borders, distinguishing it from simple export activities. It highlights the significance of cultural awareness in marketing, supported by examples of cross-cultural blunders made by global companies. Furthermore, the paper explores how the Internet has empowered small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and individuals to engage in international marketing, creating equal opportunities for competition regardless of company size. It also examines the re-emergence of China and India as major players in the global economy, with increasing capabilities in branding and market expansion. The paper concludes that effective international marketing requires cultural sensitivity, strategic planning, and the ability to adapt to technological advancements and global competition.Item Open Access A Method of Computer-Based Chemistry Instruction: Construction of Concept Maps(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Satılmış YılmazThis study discusses the use of computer-based concept map construction as an instructional method in chemistry education. Concepts in chemistry are often abstract and difficult for students to understand through traditional teaching methods. Concept maps provide a visual and organized way to represent relationships between ideas, helping learners develop meaningful understanding. When supported by computer technologies, concept map construction becomes more interactive, motivating, and cooperative. Students actively search for key concepts, create meaningful connections, and organize information visually. This approach aligns with student-centered learning, encouraging research, discussion, and collaboration. Computer-assisted concept mapping also improves communication between students and teachers and can be used for review, assessment, and practice. The method strengthens research skills, critical thinking, and creativity. Therefore, integrating computers into chemistry lessons through concept map construction can support deeper conceptual understanding and enhance overall learning outcomes in secondary-school chemistry education.Item Open Access Supply Chain Management: Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Bahitcan Eshenkulov; Tolkynbek NurgaliyevEffective management of inventory is essential for ensuring smooth operations in manufacturing, distribution, and retail enterprises. Multi-echelon supply chains, which include several interconnected storage and distribution stages such as regional distribution centers and local warehouses, require more complex coordination than single-echelon systems. Traditional approaches often treat each level independently, resulting in excess safety stocks, unreliable demand forecasting, and inconsistent service levels. These issues contribute to the bullwhip effect, where slight changes in customer demand lead to amplified variations across the supply chain. A true multi-echelon inventory optimization approach integrates the management of all echelons simultaneously. It focuses on minimizing total inventory while ensuring target service levels, improving visibility across the demand chain, accounting for lead time variability, and synchronizing replenishment decisions. By adopting such a coordinated strategy, enterprises can achieve reduced working capital, improved customer satisfaction, and better supplier performance across the entire network.Item Open Access Quasi-Associative Algebras(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Askar DzhumadildaevThis paper investigates a class of algebras obtained from associative algebras by introducing a q-commutator defined as a * b = ab + qba, where q belongs to a field K with characteristic not equal to 2 or 3, and q² is not equal to 0 or 1. Using this commutator, we construct algebras that form a variety characterized by a q-associativity identity. When the parameter satisfies q² − 4q + 1 ≠ 0, this identity alone describes the entire variety of q-associative algebras. However, when q² − 4q + 1 = 0, the q-associativity identity must be supplemented by the Lie-admissibility identity. In this exceptional case, the resulting variety is equivalent to the class of alternative algebras. Therefore, q-associative algebras form a structural link between associative, Lie-admissible, and alternative algebras, demonstrating how small changes in the commutator parameter q can transform fundamental algebraic properties.Item Open Access Abai and His Relations with Western Literature(Süleyman Demirel University, 2007) Haldun VuralThis paper explores the life, philosophy, and literary contributions of Abai Kunanbayev, one of Kazakhstan’s greatest poets and thinkers, emphasizing his intellectual connections with both Eastern and Western literary traditions. Educated in Arabic, Persian, and Russian, Abai mastered classical Eastern poetry while also engaging deeply with the works of Western and Russian writers such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Byron, and Goethe. His writings reflect a synthesis of spiritual depth and rational humanism, aiming to elevate human morality, intellect, and harmony with nature. Abai’s “Nature Lyrics,” including poems like Summer (1886) and Winter (1888), introduced new metaphoric and realistic dimensions to Kazakh poetry. Through his unique philosophical insight, Abai became the first to introduce philosophical reflection into Kazakh verse, merging the moral wisdom of the East with the humanistic ideals of the West. His works represent a bridge between cultures and a call for universal understanding, positioning him as a central figure in world literature.Item Open Access Corruption and Economic Growth in Developing Countries(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Yessengali OskenbayevThis paper examines the relationship between corruption and economic growth in developing countries. While traditional growth models, such as the Solow model and later extensions that include human capital, emphasize productivity, education, and investment, they often overlook the influence of cultural values on economic development. The study argues that corruption is not merely an economic or institutional issue, but one rooted in cultural and social norms. Building on work by Hall and Jones, the research proposes that differences in growth outcomes are linked to variations in social infrastructure, which is shaped by cultural factors including religion, language, and ethnic composition. Using ethnolinguistic fractionalization indices as instrumental variables, the study seeks to identify how culture affects government policy quality and corruption levels, which in turn impact productivity and output per capita. The paper concludes that combating corruption requires not only institutional reforms but also long-term cultural change.Item Open Access Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Flows: Kazakhstan Case(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) Mesut YılmazThis article examines the macroeconomic effects of capital flows, with a particular focus on Kazakhstan. The study first explains different definitions of capital flows as movements of international funds across borders, including foreign direct investment and short-term capital. It highlights that opening the capital account requires certain economic preconditions, such as stable inflation, disciplined fiscal policy, and strong financial institutions. The article reviews theoretical perspectives on how capital inflows affect key macroeconomic variables, including inflation, investment, exchange rates, and the current account balance. Depending on the exchange rate regime, capital inflows may lead to real exchange rate appreciation and expansion in domestic demand. The paper also discusses the policy dilemma known as the “impossible trinity,” where a country cannot maintain free capital movement, fixed exchange rates, and an independent monetary policy simultaneously. Using data from Kazakhstan, the article shows that foreign direct investment has played a significant role in supporting economic growth and external stability.Item Open Access A Short Look at Theories on International Economics, and Growth Scenario for Kazakhstan under Modern Theories(Süleyman Demirel University, 2007) Nurettin Can'This paper explores the evolution of international economic thought and applies it to Kazakhstan’s transition from a socialist to a market-based economy. It begins by outlining the two main branches of international economics—international trade theory and international finance—and explains their relevance to global economic relations. The study then examines how international economic relations were organized under socialism, emphasizing the role of central planning, state monopolies in trade, and the use of the material balance method. The inefficiencies of the socialist system, including non-convertible currencies, distorted prices, and limited trade integration, are analyzed as key barriers to international economic participation. In contrast, classical and modern market-based trade theories—such as those of Smith, Ricardo, and Heckscher-Ohlin—are reviewed to highlight the principles of comparative advantage and factor endowment. These theoretical perspectives are used to frame Kazakhstan’s economic transformation and its integration into the global market. The article concludes that Kazakhstan’s sustainable growth depends on aligning its economic structure with modern trade dynamics and strengthening its institutional and market mechanisms.Item Open Access Hilbert’s Problem 13 and Related Topics in the Theory of Continuous Functions of Several Variables(Suleyman Demirel University, 2007) F. A. HajiyevThis paper provides an overview of Hilbert’s 13th problem and its developments concerning the representation of functions of several variables as superpositions of functions of fewer variables, particularly continuous functions. While Hilbert conjectured that certain continuous functions of three variables could not be expressed through finite superpositions of continuous functions of two variables, subsequent results by Kolmogorov and Arnol’d proved the opposite for continuous mappings on compact intervals. The study further explores generalizations of Kolmogorov’s theorem by Ostrand, Mal’cev, and others, extending these results to various metric and topological spaces, including tori, Hilbert cubes, and Cantor sets. The paper also examines the superposition problem for topological spaces (SPS(X)) and its relation to algebraic topology through homotopy groups and Post algebras. For non-abelian spaces such as the 3-sphere (S³), it is shown that the superposition problem can have negative solutions, revealing a deep connection between functional representation and homotopic structure. These investigations contribute to understanding the algebraic and topological foundations of function representation theory.